Types and functions of contact springs

A spring is an elastic element that deforms by using the elasticity and characteristics of its material. Springs are used everywhere: a ballpoint pen contains a small return spring, an elevator has a buffer spring at the bottom of the shaft for shock absorption, and machines, equipment and instruments use springs to cushion impact or vibration and to measure force.

Classification of springs

A spring is a common energy-storage part used for shock absorption, clamping, energy storage and measurement. Springs are classified in several ways. By the type of load they are divided into tension, compression, torsion and bending springs. By shape they are divided into coil springs, disc springs, ring springs and leaf springs, among others. By material they are divided into metal, non-metal, plastic, rubber and gas springs.

Spring products suit a broad range of applications, including electronics, appliances, cameras, precision equipment, vehicles, hardware and plastics, switches, sockets, motors, instruments and more.

Main functions of springs

A spring is a widely used elastic part that is easy to deform and highly elastic. Its main functions are as follows.

First, easing shock and absorbing vibration. Spring deformation absorbs the energy of impact and vibration, as in cushion springs on vehicles and forging equipment and in vibration-damping springs in couplings.

Second, controlling the movement of mechanisms. Spring force keeps parts in contact to control mechanism motion, as in valve springs in internal-combustion engines and control springs in brakes, clutches, cam mechanisms, governors and safety valves.

Third, storing and outputting energy. The energy stored during spring deformation is released to do work, as in clock springs, bolt springs and the automatic-return springs of machine-tool tool holders.

Fourth, measuring force. Because spring deformation is linearly related to the load applied, springs are used in force testers, spring scales and engine dynamometers.